Which statement best describes the difference between a controlled study and a case-control study in incident analysis?

• A. A controlled study uses observational data without controls.
• B. A controlled study tests hypotheses with controls; a case-control study compares incidents (cases) with non-incidents to identify factors.
• C. Case-control studies are identical to controlled studies.
• D. In incident analysis, epidemiology is the standard approach.

Answer: (B)